In light of the geopolitical tensions in West Asia mainly in the strait of Hormuz, a major route that handles nearly 90% of India’s LPG export, has affected the country and its common man. There is a growing uncertainty around LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) that has affected the common man. As fears of shortages grew, households rushed to secure gas cylinders and alternatives, leading to long queues at distributors and a sharp spike in bookings from 55.7 lakh to 88.8 lakh in a single day (nearly a 60% jump). The situation has led to restaurants shutting down in many parts of the country.
The rates and waiting period too were increased as the supply concerns hit the locals as for decades LPG had always been the backbone especially for middle class families. This panic of LPG issues led to many going back to the olden days of using wood and coal to cook the food. It also led to panic buying of inductions which led to higher (percentage) of cooktop sales in the market and shortage of induction stoves. Panic buying extended beyond LPG, with induction cooktops witnessing an unprecedented surge—sales jumped 30x online and in some markets from a few thousand units monthly to 1–2 lakh units per day, causing stock shortages nationwide. Reports from cities like Nagpur and Kolkata showed appliances flying off shelves and restaurants rapidly shifting to electric cooking. Simultaneously, black marketing intensified, with cylinders being sold at inflated prices, and authorities seized hundreds of illegally stored units in states like Maharashtra.
People started hoarding LPG cylinders with many wanting to shift to the PNG method. Although this led to a major shift in the way consumers buy goods. As LPG cylinders got expensive and harder to access, households were actively looking for ways to solve the crisis. However, a large number of users were unfamiliar with how these alternatives functioned or how they compared in terms of efficiency and cost.
This situation raised an important question: is this simply panic-driven behaviour, or does it indicate a deeper shift in how India needs to approach energy usage, efficiency, and sustainability? The answer lies in awareness. Relying on a single cooking medium in a country as vast as India can be risky, and the current crisis highlights the need for diversification.
Understanding Different Cooking Mediums
The recent instability surrounding LPG has acted as a wake-up call. Price hikes, reduced subsidies for certain groups, and logistical concerns in cylinder distribution have collectively shaken consumer confidence. For middle-class families and students managing tight budgets, even a small increase in LPG prices can significantly affect monthly expenses. In urban areas, many households began purchasing induction cooktops as a backup solution. However, what started as a secondary option quickly turned into a primary cooking method for many.
Although let’s first understand the difference in household fuels, or cooking solutions. This gives an idea about the type of cooking choice that one can prefer and switch too. It also helps understand the efficiency of these mediums and the drawbacks and cons of each.
LPG, PNG, Induction Heaters, and Solar Cookers are classified as “clean” or “modern” cooking solutions because they are efficient and emit low or zero pollution during operation. While wood and coal are classified as traditional or polluting fuels, which release high levels of smoke and greenhouse gases.
1. LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas)
LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) remains one of the most widely used cooking fuels due to its convenience and fast heating capabilities. It is a portable, clean-burning fossil fuel—primarily composed of propane and butane—extracted from natural gas and crude oil, and compressed into liquid form for easy storage and transport. Today, over 2 billion people worldwide rely on LPG for their daily cooking needs. Modern LPG stoves are relatively efficient, achieving around 70–90% thermal efficiency; however, a significant portion of heat is still lost to the surrounding air during cooking.
While LPG burns cleaner than traditional fuels like wood or coal, it still emits carbon dioxide (CO₂), contributing to environmental concerns and ongoing dependence on fossil fuels. Additionally, LPG usage comes with challenges such as price volatility, supply disruptions, and safety risks like gas leaks, making it a reliable yet imperfect energy source in the long term.
2. PNG (Piped Natural Gas)
Piped Natural Gas is increasingly gaining popularity in urban areas where infrastructure and connection supply is available. It is supplied directly to homes through pipelines, primarily consisting of methane, a cleaner-burning fuel compared to LPG. One of the biggest advantages of PNG is its convenience for customers as it provides a continuous uninterrupted gas supply. Unlike LPG where you have to store or replace cylinders, PNG is just a pipeline that reduces the logistical hassle of transporting cylinders and safety risks that come along with handling them and storing these high pressurized tanks at homes. In terms of efficiency, PNG typically operates at around 50–55%, which is slightly lower than LPG, with some heat loss during combustion and transfer.
Despite its ease of use, PNG has certain limitations. Its availability is restricted to cities and developed areas with established pipeline networks, making it inaccessible to a large portion of the population, especially in rural regions. Installation also requires initial setup costs and dependency on gas distribution companies. Environmentally, while PNG burns cleaner than LPG and emits fewer pollutants, it is still a fossil fuel and contributes to carbon emissions and long-term environmental concerns. Therefore, although PNG offers improved convenience and safety, it does not significantly enhance energy efficiency or sustainability compared to other emerging cooking technologies.
3. Traditional Fuels: Wood & Coal
Do you remember the olden traditional ways of cooking meals? Yes, the same bonfire cooking, wood cooking and using coals. While it still continues to rule rural India, its usage is still declining. In a time where lpg supply declined many restaurants switched to cooking using wood, the oldest type of fuel. While now people are more environmentally conscious the use of wood can cause deforestation. These fuels are among the largest contributors to Indoor Air Pollution, which is linked to respiratory diseases and premature deaths.
While these methods were once widely used across India, their decline over the years has been largely due to growing awareness about health and environmental concerns.
Traditional fuels are highly inefficient, with energy efficiency ranging between just 10–20%. A large portion of the heat generated is lost, making cooking slower and more resource-intensive. More importantly, the smoke released from burning wood and coal contributes significantly to indoor air pollution. This has been directly linked to respiratory illnesses, especially among women and children in households where ventilation is poor.
Additionally, the environmental impact cannot be ignored. Increased reliance on wood contributes to deforestation, while coal usage adds to carbon emissions. Although these fuels may serve as a short-term fallback during emergencies, they are far from sustainable and pose serious long-term risks.
4. Solar Cookers
Solar cookers represent one of the most environmentally friendly cooking solutions available today. By harnessing energy directly from the sun, they eliminate the need for fuel altogether, resulting in zero emissions and no recurring costs. In theory, this makes solar cooking an ideal solution, particularly in a country like India that receives abundant sunlight throughout the year.
However, the practicality of solar cookers remains limited. Their efficiency is highly dependent on weather conditions, making them unreliable during cloudy days or monsoon seasons. Cooking times are also significantly longer compared to conventional methods, which makes them less suitable for fast-paced urban lifestyles.
While solar cooking holds immense potential for the future—especially in rural or off-grid areas—it has yet to achieve widespread adoption due to these limitations. At present, it is better suited as a supplementary solution rather than a primary cooking method.
5. Induction Cooktops
Among all modern cooking technologies, induction cooktops have emerged as a game-changer. Unlike traditional methods that rely on flames or direct heat transfer, induction cooking uses electromagnetic fields to generate heat directly within the cookware. This eliminates unnecessary energy loss and significantly improves efficiency.
With an efficiency rate of around 80–90%, induction cooktops are among the most energy-efficient cooking solutions available. Since heat is generated directly in the vessel, very little energy is wasted, and cooking becomes faster and more controlled. Additionally, induction cooktops produce no direct emissions, making them a cleaner alternative for indoor environments.
From a usability perspective, they offer several advantages. They are safer, as there is no open flame or risk of gas leaks. They are also portable, easy to operate, and increasingly affordable. These factors make induction cooktops particularly appealing to students, working professionals, and nuclear families living in urban settings.
The recent LPG situation has accelerated a trend that was already underway. Several factors explain why induction cooktops are flying off the shelves.
The growing popularity of induction cooktops is largely driven by rising LPG costs and increasing supply uncertainty. As households look for more reliable and cost-effective alternatives, induction cooking offers a practical solution that does not depend on cylinder availability or delivery systems. With just a stable electricity connection, users can cook efficiently without worrying about delays, shortages, or fluctuating prices.
At the same time, induction cooktops align well with modern urban lifestyles. They are compact, portable, and easy to use, making them ideal for students, working professionals, and smaller households. What initially began as a backup during the LPG crisis has now evolved into a primary cooking method for many, reflecting a broader shift towards convenience, efficiency, and smarter everyday living.
Analytical Comparison: Efficiency, Waste, and Pollution
Heat Efficiency and Performance
When comparing cooking mediums, efficiency becomes a key factor. Induction cooktops lead significantly in this category, converting nearly 85–90% of energy into usable heat. In contrast, LPG operates at around 55–60% efficiency, while PNG falls slightly lower at approximately 50–55%. Traditional fuels like wood and coal lag far behind, with efficiency levels as low as 10–20%.
This difference has a direct impact on both cooking time and energy consumption. Higher efficiency not only speeds up the cooking process but also ensures that less energy is wasted, making it a more sustainable choice in the long run.
Heat Loss and Energy Wastage
A major drawback of LPG and PNG is the amount of heat lost to the surrounding environment during cooking. Much of the energy generated does not directly contribute to cooking the food, resulting in inefficiencies. Traditional fuels perform even worse, with a majority of their energy lost as unused heat.
Induction cooktops, on the other hand, minimise heat loss by directly heating the cookware. This targeted approach not only improves efficiency but also keeps kitchens cooler—an added advantage in a country with predominantly warm climates.
Pollution and Health Impact
The environmental and health impact of cooking fuels varies significantly. Traditional fuels such as wood and coal are the most harmful, releasing high levels of smoke, soot, and toxic gases that contribute to indoor air pollution and respiratory diseases.
LPG and PNG are relatively cleaner alternatives, producing fewer pollutants, but they still emit carbon dioxide and contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. Induction cooktops stand out in this regard, as they produce zero direct emissions during use. This makes them a cleaner and safer option for indoor cooking, especially in urban homes with limited ventilation.
Environmental Perspective
The environmental implications of everyday cooking choices are often underestimated. While LPG and PNG are considered “clean fuels” compared to traditional options, they still rely on fossil fuels and contribute to long-term environmental degradation.
Induction cooking shifts the energy source from fuel to electricity. While this does not eliminate environmental impact entirely, it opens the door to cleaner alternatives. As India continues to expand its renewable energy capacity—such as solar and wind power—the environmental footprint of electric cooking is expected to decrease significantly.
In the long term, combining induction cooking with renewable energy sources could make everyday cooking nearly carbon-neutral. This positions induction technology as not just a convenient option, but a forward-looking solution aligned with sustainability goals.
The Future of Cooking in India
India today stands at a critical turning point. LPG continues to dominate due to its widespread infrastructure and familiarity among users. However, rising costs, supply uncertainties, and environmental concerns are gradually challenging its position.
The recent surge in induction cooktop adoption is not just a temporary reaction to a crisis—it signals a deeper, long-term transition. As technology continues to improve and electricity becomes more accessible and sustainable, induction cooking is likely to become the preferred choice, particularly in urban India.
Government initiatives promoting electrification and renewable energy may further accelerate this shift, encouraging households to adopt cleaner and more efficient cooking solutions.
Which Cooking Option Works Best for You?
Choosing the right cooking medium ultimately depends on individual needs, lifestyle, and accessibility. However, induction cooktops clearly stand out on multiple fronts. They are up to 30% more efficient than LPG, offer lower long-term energy costs, and eliminate risks associated with open flames and gas leaks.
In addition to being eco-friendly due to zero direct emissions, induction cooktops are also highly convenient—portable, easy to use, and fast. These advantages make them particularly suitable for modern households looking for a balance between efficiency, safety, and sustainability.
The current LPG crisis has done more than just disrupt kitchens—it has reshaped consumer thinking. What was once considered a secondary appliance has rapidly become a primary solution for many households.
The rise of induction cooktops reflects a broader shift towards smarter, cleaner, and more efficient living. While LPG will continue to play an important role in India’s energy landscape, its dominance is clearly being challenged.
For Indian households, the future of cooking is no longer defined by flames alone. It is increasingly about efficiency, sustainability, and control. And in that future, induction cooking is leading the way.
